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靜電是如何產生的

時間：2014-12-14作者：admin 瀏覽次數：

物質都(dou)是(shi)由(you)(you)分子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成，分子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)由(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中有帶(dai)(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)帶(dai)(dai)正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)質子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成。在正(zheng)(zheng)常狀況(kuang)下(xia)，一個原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)質子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)(shu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)相同，正(zheng)(zheng)負平(ping)衡(heng)，所以(yi)對外表現(xian)(xian)出不(bu)帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。但(dan)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)環(huan)繞(rao)(rao)于原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)核周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)，一經(jing)(jing)外力即脫(tuo)離(li)(li)軌(gui)道(dao)，離(li)(li)開原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兒而(er)侵入(ru)(ru)其(qi)他的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)B，A原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)因缺少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)(shu)而(er)帶(dai)(dai)有正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，稱為陽(yang)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、B原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)因增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)(shu)而(er)呈帶(dai)(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，物質都(dou)是(shi)由(you)(you)分子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成，分子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)由(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中有帶(dai)(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)帶(dai)(dai)正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)質子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成。在正(zheng)(zheng)常狀況(kuang)下(xia)，一個原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)質子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)(shu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)相同，正(zheng)(zheng)負平(ping)衡(heng)，所以(yi)對外表現(xian)(xian)出不(bu)帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。但(dan)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)環(huan)繞(rao)(rao)于原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)核周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)，一經(jing)(jing)外力即脫(tuo)離(li)(li)軌(gui)道(dao)，離(li)(li)開原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兒而(er)侵入(ru)(ru)其(qi)他的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)B，A原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)因缺少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)(shu)而(er)帶(dai)(dai)有正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，稱為陽(yang)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、B原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)因增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)(shu)而(er)呈帶(dai)(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，稱為陰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。
      
     造成不平衡電子分布的原因即是電子受外力而脫離軌道，這個外力包含各種能量(如動能、位能、熱能、化學能……等)在日常生活中，任何兩個不同材質的物體接觸后再分離，即可產生靜電。 
     當兩個不同的物體相互接觸時就會使得一個物體失去一些電荷如電子轉移到另一個物體使其帶正電，而另一個體得到一些剩余電子的物體而帶負電。若在分離的過程中電荷難以中和，電荷就會積累使物體帶上靜電。所以物體與其它物體接觸后分離就會帶上靜電。通常在從一個物體上剝離一張塑料薄膜時就是一種典型的“接觸分離”起電，在日常生活中脫衣服產生的靜電也是“接觸分離”起電。
      
     固體、液體甚至氣體都會因接觸分離而帶上靜電。為什么氣體也會產生靜電呢？因為氣體也是由分子、原子組成，當空氣流動時分子、原子也會發生“接觸分離”而起電。所以在我們的周圍環境甚至我們的身上都會帶有不同程度的靜電，當靜電積累到一定程度時就會發生放電。