產生靜電的幾種形式
時間:2014-12-14作者:admin 瀏覽次數:
A.接觸(chu)起(qi)電
接觸(chu)起電(dian)可發生(sheng)在(zai)固(gu)體-固(gu)體、液(ye)體-液(ye)體或固(gu)體-液(ye)體的分界面上。氣體不能(neng)由這種方式帶(dai)電(dian),但如果氣體中懸(xuan)浮有(you)固(gu)體顆粒或液(ye)滴,則固(gu)體顆粒或液(ye)滴均可以由接觸(chu)方式帶(dai)電(dian),以致這種氣體能(neng)夠攜帶(dai)靜電(dian)電(dian)荷。
B.破斷起(qi)電
不論(lun)材(cai)料破(po)(po)斷前其內(nei)部電(dian)荷分布(bu)是否(fou)均(jun)勻,破(po)(po)斷后均(jun)可能(neng)在宏觀范圍內(nei)導致正負電(dian)荷分離,產生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)。這種起(qi)電(dian)稱破(po)(po)斷起(qi)電(dian)。固體粉碎、液體分裂(lie)過程的起(qi)電(dian)都屬(shu)于(yu)破(po)(po)斷起(qi)電(dian)。
C.感應起電
導體(ti)能(neng)由其(qi)周(zhou)圍(wei)的一個或一些帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)感應而(er)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。任何(he)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)周(zhou)圍(wei)都有電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中的導體(ti)能(neng)改變周(zhou)圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的分布,同時在電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)作用下,導體(ti)上(shang)分離(li)出極(ji)性相反的兩種電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。如果該導體(ti)與周(zhou)圍(wei)絕緣則將帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)位,稱(cheng)感應帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。導體(ti)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)位,加上(shang)它帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)有分離(li)開來的電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。因此,該導體(ti)能(neng)夠發生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
D.電荷遷移
當一個帶電(dian)體與一個非帶電(dian)體相接觸時,電(dian)荷將按(an)各自導(dao)電(dian)率所(suo)允許(xu)的程(cheng)度(du)在它們之間分配(pei),這就是電(dian)荷遷移。當帶電(dian)霧(wu)滴或粉(fen)塵撞擊在固體上(shang)(如(ru)除塵)時(shi),會(hui)產生有力的電荷遷(qian)移。當氣體離子流射(she)在初始不帶(dai)電的物體上時(shi),也會(hui)出(chu)現類似的電荷遷(qian)移。
接觸(chu)起電(dian)可發生(sheng)在(zai)固(gu)體-固(gu)體、液(ye)體-液(ye)體或固(gu)體-液(ye)體的分界面上。氣體不能(neng)由這種方式帶(dai)電(dian),但如果氣體中懸(xuan)浮有(you)固(gu)體顆粒或液(ye)滴,則固(gu)體顆粒或液(ye)滴均可以由接觸(chu)方式帶(dai)電(dian),以致這種氣體能(neng)夠攜帶(dai)靜電(dian)電(dian)荷。
B.破斷起(qi)電
不論(lun)材(cai)料破(po)(po)斷前其內(nei)部電(dian)荷分布(bu)是否(fou)均(jun)勻,破(po)(po)斷后均(jun)可能(neng)在宏觀范圍內(nei)導致正負電(dian)荷分離,產生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)。這種起(qi)電(dian)稱破(po)(po)斷起(qi)電(dian)。固體粉碎、液體分裂(lie)過程的起(qi)電(dian)都屬(shu)于(yu)破(po)(po)斷起(qi)電(dian)。
C.感應起電
導體(ti)能(neng)由其(qi)周(zhou)圍(wei)的一個或一些帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)感應而(er)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。任何(he)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)周(zhou)圍(wei)都有電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中的導體(ti)能(neng)改變周(zhou)圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的分布,同時在電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)作用下,導體(ti)上(shang)分離(li)出極(ji)性相反的兩種電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。如果該導體(ti)與周(zhou)圍(wei)絕緣則將帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)位,稱(cheng)感應帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。導體(ti)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)位,加上(shang)它帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)有分離(li)開來的電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。因此,該導體(ti)能(neng)夠發生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
D.電荷遷移
當一個帶電(dian)體與一個非帶電(dian)體相接觸時,電(dian)荷將按(an)各自導(dao)電(dian)率所(suo)允許(xu)的程(cheng)度(du)在它們之間分配(pei),這就是電(dian)荷遷移。當帶電(dian)霧(wu)滴或粉(fen)塵撞擊在固體上(shang)(如(ru)除塵)時(shi),會(hui)產生有力的電荷遷(qian)移。當氣體離子流射(she)在初始不帶(dai)電的物體上時(shi),也會(hui)出(chu)現類似的電荷遷(qian)移。
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